@Article{RosaPezzQuadBrun:2020:AuDeAl,
               author = "Rosa, Eliana Bertol and Pezzi, Luciano Ponzi and Quadro, 
                         M{\'a}rio Francisco Leal de and Brunsell, Nathaniel",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Federal de 
                         Santa Catarina (IFSC)} and {University of Kansas}",
                title = "Automated detection algorithm for SACZ, oceanic SACZ, and their 
                         climatological features",
              journal = "Frontiers in Environmental Science",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "8",
                pages = "e18",
                month = "Feb.",
             keywords = "South Atlantic Convergence Zone, oceanic SACZ, climatology, 
                         automated method, algorithm, OLR.",
             abstract = "The South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) is responsible for a 
                         large amount of the total summer precipitation over Brazil and is 
                         related to severe droughts and extreme floods over the southeast 
                         of Brazil. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of an 
                         objective, simplified and automated method based on satellite 
                         outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) for South Atlantic Convergence 
                         Zone (SACZ) and oceanic SACZ (SACZOCN) detection, and characterize 
                         their climatological features. Here we developed an automated 
                         algorithm and made available the SACZ and SACZOCN dates and 
                         characteristics (intensity and size) for the first time in the 
                         literature. The method agreed with 77% of SACZ occurrences 
                         compared with 21 years of SACZ observations. The temporal 
                         criterion of permanency of the SACZ convective activity for at 
                         least 4 days was essential to differentiate the SACZ from the 
                         transient frontal systems over the Brazilian Southeast. About 30% 
                         of the SACZ days occurred in November and March, therefore the 
                         December to February period is not sufficient to fully represent 
                         its activity. A barotropic trough near the Uruguay coast 
                         influences the intensity and position of the coastal and oceanic 
                         SACZ portions. When this trough closes into a cyclonic vortex 
                         Southwest of the SACZ (CVSS) cloud band it characterizes a SACZOCN 
                         episode. SACZOCN episodes were objectively identified, being 
                         characterized by a more intense convective activity and shifted to 
                         the north. We show that some oceanic SACZ episodes are associated 
                         with extreme floods and severe droughts over Brazil, therefore its 
                         identification is important to the Brazilian society. Besides, 
                         oceanic surface currents and temperature over the Southwestern 
                         Atlantic Ocean are modified during the SACZOCN active phase. The 
                         method presented here is a viable alternative to objectively 
                         classify SACZ and SACZOCN episodes, it can be implemented 
                         operationally and used to SACZ studies in the context of climate 
                         change.",
                  doi = "10.3389/fenvs.2020.00018",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00018",
                 issn = "2296-665X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "rosa_automated.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}